Cerebral Palsy Life Expectancy
Life expectancy in cerebral palsy varies widely depending on mobility, medical needs, and the presence of co-occurring conditions. Some individuals with CP live into late adulthood, while others may face higher health risks early in life.
The condition itself isn’t terminal, but the complications that often accompany it like feeding issues, respiratory problems, or seizures can affect survival. This guide breaks down what factors matter most and what families can do to protect and prolong their child's quality of life.
What Is The Average Life Expectancy of Someone with Cerebral Palsy?
In general, people's life expectancy is affected by a variety of factors such as mobility, breathing and other health complications, because of this there is no average lifespan. Individuals who can walk, communicate, eat by mouth, and don’t suffer from serious medical complications like seizures or chronic infections usually live to about 50 to 70 years of age.
On the other hand, those with severe cerebral palsy, especially with profound physical or cognitive limitations, may face a reduced life expectancy, often between 30 to 50 years depending on care quality and medical stability. That said, even individuals with significant disabilities can live longer with proper medical support and a stable environment.
Nearly 70% of cerebral palsy cases are linked to birth injuries. Find out if a birth injury caused your child's CP by speaking with a cerebral palsy lawyer and getting a free case review now.
No up-front costs.
Life Expectancy of Children vs. Adults with Cerebral Palsy
The first five years of life are often considered the most medically fragile for children with CP. If a child with severe cerebral palsy survives these early years, their chances of living into adolescence and adulthood increase dramatically. Once a person with CP reaches young adulthood, their life expectancy becomes more stable—especially with supportive care and access to medical services. Many adults with cerebral palsy live into their 40s, 50s, and beyond, particularly those with moderate or manageable symptoms.
Life Expectancy by Severity or Function Level
Life expectancy becomes more clear when viewed through functional ability and severity level. Pediatricians often compare their child’s situation to established classifications such as the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) to give more accurate estimates on life expectancy.
- GMFCS Levels I-II (mild to moderate): Can walk independently or with minimal support; life expectancy is typically normal.
-
GMFCS Levels III-IV (moderate to severe): Require mobility aids or wheelchairs, may need help with feeding; life expectancy may be reduced but varies greatly.
-
GMFCS Level V (severe): Fully dependent, may have difficulty with breathing and feeding; life span can be significantly shortened, especially without comprehensive care.
According to a study conducted by Jane L. Hutton, a statistician and professor at University of Warwick, children at the age of 2 years old with mild cerebral palsy have a 99% chance of living to 20 years old compared to just 40% chance in children with more severe CP.
Also, non-verbal individuals, those who rely on feeding tubes, or have uncontrolled seizures face more medical risks, which directly impact longevity.
The average lifetime cost to care for a child with cerebral palsy is over $1.6 million. Find out if your child is eligible for legal compensation and get the financial support your child deserves. Get a free case review now.
100% free and confidential.
Key Factors That Affect Life Span
While cerebral palsy itself is not a progressive or fatal condition, certain factors can greatly influence a person’s overall life expectancy. These are usually related to the severity of the disability, mobility level, and the presence of other medical issues.
Addressing these factors early and consistently can help reduce health risks and improve quality of life. Below are six of the most important influences on life span in cerebral palsy, along with how they affect long-term health.
Mobility and Physical Activity
Mobility is one of the most significant determinants of life expectancy in people with cerebral palsy. Those who can walk independently or with minimal assistance generally experience better cardiovascular health, stronger immunity, and fewer complications like pressure sores or pneumonia.
In contrast, limited mobility increases the risk of circulation problems, muscle wasting, and respiratory infections due to prolonged sedentary periods. Poor mobility can also make it harder to maintain a healthy weight, leading to additional stress on the heart and lungs. Over time, this can create a cycle of declining health that shortens lifespan.
Effects of limited mobility include:
-
Increased risk of respiratory illness from reduced lung expansion
-
Higher chance of blood clots and poor circulation
-
Greater likelihood of joint contractures and muscle stiffness
Feeding and Nutritional Challenges
Many individuals with CP have difficulty chewing, swallowing, or coordinating the muscles needed for safe eating—known as dysphagia. This can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia (when food or liquid enters the lungs).
Poor nutrition affects immune function, healing ability, and muscle strength, all of which can impact long-term survival. Severe feeding issues may require the use of feeding tubes to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration. Addressing these needs early with dieticians and speech therapists can help prevent major complications.
Effects of feeding and nutrition problems include:
-
Increased risk of aspiration pneumonia
-
Slower recovery from illness or surgery
-
Weakened immune system and reduced energy
Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
Epilepsy is common in cerebral palsy, particularly in severe cases, and uncontrolled seizures can significantly impact health and life expectancy. Frequent or prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) can cause brain injury, breathing problems, and even sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Seizures may also complicate daily care, especially if they occur during eating, bathing, or other activities where injury could occur. Proper medication management, regular neurological care, and avoiding known triggers are essential to minimizing risks. In some cases, surgery or advanced therapies can help control seizures when medications are not effective.
Effects of uncontrolled epilepsy include:
-
Increased risk of injury during seizures
-
Breathing and heart complications during prolonged episodes
-
Higher likelihood of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)
Respiratory Health
Respiratory problems are a leading cause of premature death in people with cerebral palsy, especially for those with limited mobility or severe muscle weakness. Weak respiratory muscles make it harder to cough effectively and clear mucus, increasing the risk of pneumonia and chronic lung infections.
Scoliosis or other skeletal deformities can further restrict lung capacity. In addition, difficulty swallowing can allow food or liquids into the airways, triggering aspiration pneumonia. Preventive care, such as chest physiotherapy and vaccinations, plays a key role in protecting lung health.
Effects of poor respiratory health include:
-
Increased risk of chronic lung infections
-
Greater chance of hospitalization due to pneumonia
-
Reduced oxygen levels affecting overall body function
Cognitive and Communication Abilities
While cerebral palsy primarily affects movement, cognitive challenges can indirectly influence life expectancy. Difficulty communicating pain, symptoms, or changes in health can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of potentially serious conditions.
Intellectual disabilities may also limit a person’s ability to follow treatment plans or participate in self-care. Additionally, behavioral challenges can sometimes make medical procedures or therapies harder to carry out. Supportive communication tools and tailored care plans can help overcome these barriers.
Effects of limited cognitive or communication abilities include:
-
Delayed medical intervention for treatable conditions
-
Increased risk of untreated pain or infections
-
Greater dependence on caregivers for daily health monitoring
Access to Quality Medical Care
Consistent, specialized medical care can make a major difference in lifespan for individuals with cerebral palsy. This includes not only regular check-ups, but also access to physical therapy, nutrition support, seizure management, and respiratory care.
Those with limited access to healthcare may face delayed treatment for preventable issues, leading to complications that shorten life. Economic factors, insurance coverage, and geographic location can all play a role in care access. In some cases, legal support may help families obtain resources after a birth injury.
Effects of limited medical access include:
-
Higher risk of preventable health complications
-
Worsening of chronic conditions due to lack of management
-
Shorter lifespan from untreated or poorly treated illnesses
Quick Fact: Cerebral palsy usually isn't diagnosed at birth. Instead it's often identified later when child misses typical development milestones. Don't miss your state's deadline to file a legal claim.
Ways to Improve Life Expectancy of Cerebral Palsy
There are many actionable steps families can take to enhance both the length and quality of life for someone with CP:
-
Ensure balanced nutrition, whether oral or tube-fed
-
Prioritize physical, occupational, and speech therapy
-
Stay current with vaccinations and medical checkups
-
Watch for early signs of respiratory issues or aspiration
-
Use assistive devices for safe mobility and communication
-
Create a safe home environment and encourage social engagement
Small improvements in daily care can help give your child major long-term benefits.
Life Expectancy by Type of Cerebral Palsy
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (Hemiplegia / Diplegia / Quadriplegia)
Life expectancy in spastic CP varies depending on how many limbs are affected and the severity of involvement. Individuals with hemiplegia or diplegia—who often retain some level of mobility—tend to have near-normal life spans. In contrast, spastic quadriplegia, which affects all four limbs and often involves feeding, breathing, and cognitive challenges, is associated with a shorter average life expectancy.
Dyskinetic (Athetoid) Cerebral Palsy
People with dyskinetic CP often have normal intelligence but experience involuntary muscle movements that make daily tasks and communication difficult. Life expectancy depends heavily on how well their airway and nutrition are managed, as they’re more prone to aspiration and feeding difficulties. With modern therapies and equipment, many live into adulthood, but the condition carries a higher risk of respiratory-related complications.
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Ataxic CP typically causes coordination and balance issues but rarely affects breathing or swallowing. Most individuals with ataxic CP have normal or only slightly reduced life expectancy, especially when motor symptoms are well-managed. Severe cases may require assistive devices but generally do not face the same mortality risks as more complex types.
Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy
Hypotonic CP, marked by low muscle tone and delayed motor development, can vary widely in outcome depending on underlying causes. If hypotonia is part of a more complex neurological disorder or leads to serious feeding and respiratory issues, life expectancy may be reduced. In milder, isolated hypotonic cases, individuals may have a life span close to average.
Mixed Cerebral Palsy
Mixed CP involves symptoms from more than one type—most commonly spastic and dyskinetic. Outcomes depend on which systems are most affected. Life expectancy ranges from normal to significantly reduced, based on complications like seizures, mobility loss, or swallowing disorders. Because of the variability, careful, individualized medical planning is essential for long-term health.
Common Causes of Death in Cerebral Palsy
While cerebral palsy itself is not a progressive or fatal condition, certain associated health complications can lead to a shorter lifespan. The risk is often highest for those with severe CP who have significant mobility limitations, feeding difficulties, or coexisting medical issues.
Many of these complications are preventable or manageable with proper care, but they require close monitoring and prompt treatment to reduce the risk of serious outcomes. Understanding the most common causes of death in CP can help families, caregivers, and medical teams take proactive steps to address them early.
Some of the most frequent life-threatening complications linked to cerebral palsy include:
-
Respiratory infections (such as pneumonia)
-
Aspiration pneumonia from swallowing difficulties
-
Seizure-related accidents or complications
-
Severe malnutrition or dehydration
-
Complications from immobility, such as blood clots or pressure sores
-
Heart or circulatory problems related to chronic health issues
By recognizing these risks, families can work with healthcare providers to create a proactive care plan that addresses vulnerabilities before they become life-threatening. Early intervention, regular medical check-ups, and quick treatment of illnesses can make a significant difference in both quality of life and longevity for people with CP.
Legal and Medical Support After a Birth Injury
Some cases of cerebral palsy can be traced back to preventable medical mistakes during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. If your child’s CP was caused by issues such as a lack of oxygen, delayed C-section, or undiagnosed fetal distress, you may be entitled to long-term support.
Our legal team understands that families aren’t just seeking compensation—they want to secure the best possible future for their child.
A successful claim can help provide the resources needed for advanced medical care, adaptive equipment, and therapy, all of which can enhance both quality of life and life expectancy. By holding negligent parties accountable, you can gain the means to support your child’s health, independence, and long-term well-being.
Many cases of cerebral palsy are caused by preventable birth injuries. If you think your child's CP was due to medical negligence, contact us now and get a free case review at zero cost.
Case reviews are 100% free.
I understand by submitting this form that I am providing my consent to be contacted by Cerebral Palsy Hub and its legal partners, potentially using automated technology, at the number provided regarding my potential claim/their services. Consent is not required to use their services. Msg frequency varies, and message and data rates may apply. Reply HELP for help or STOP to unsubscribe. SMS Terms of Service. I understand and agree that by submitting this form I agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use and that this form does not create an attorney-client relationship and is not confidential or privileged and may be shared.
Cerebral Palsy Life Expectancy FAQs
Written and Medically Reviewed by:
Cerebral Palsy Hub Team
Cerebral Palsy Hub was founded to help support children and their families with cerebral palsy and to create a safe space for those affected. We strive to provide the most accurate, up-to-date information, and tools to help give your child the life they deserve.
Last Updated: July 24, 2025
Need Legal Help?
Our team of legal experts can help answer your questions.
Our team of legal experts can help answer your questions.
